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      Incidencia de la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico en el rendimiento académico: El caso de Uruguay Translated title: Incidence of School Segregation by Socioeconomic Level on Academic Performance: Uruguay´s Case

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Esta investigación se plantea con un doble objetivo: busca, por un lado, determinar la incidencia de la segregación escolar sobre el rendimiento en matemática y en lectura de los estudiantes de Educación Primaria de Uruguay; y, por otro, determinar la incidencia de la segregación controlando el efecto de los pares. Para ello, se realiza una explotación de los microdatos de Aristas 2017 con Modelos Multinivel, estimando la relación entre el rendimiento en matemática y en lectura para tercero y sexto de educación primaria, con cuatro caracterizaciones de segregación escolar. Los resultados confirman que la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico incide de forma clara en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes uruguayos de educación primaria. Sin embargo, controlando el efecto pares, los datos más complejos apuntan a que solo la segregación escolar de los estudiantes de mayor nivel socioeconómico incide en el rendimiento y lo hace de forma negativa. De esta forma se concluye que la segregación afecta negativamente a todos los estudiantes, con lo que urge tomar medidas claras de lucha contra la segregación.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: This research is proposed with a double objective: on the one hand, it seeks to determine the incidence of school segregation on the academic performance of primary school students in Uruguay in mathematics and reading; and, on the other hand, to determine the incidence of segregation by controlling the peer effect. To do this, an exploitation of the microdata of Aristas 2017 is carried out with Multilevel Models, estimating the relationship between the performance in mathematics and in reading in third and sixth grades of primary education with four characterizations of school segregation. The results confirm that school segregation by socioeconomic level clearly affects the academic performance of Uruguayan primary school students. However, controlling the peer effect, the more complex data suggest that just the school segregation of students with families with a higher socioeconomic level affects performance, and it does so in a negative way. Thus, it is concluded that segregation negatively affects all students, which is why it is urgent to take clear measures to fight segregation.

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          Most cited references40

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          Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Review of Research

          S. Sirin (2005)
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            The effect of peer socioeconomic status on student achievement: A meta-analysis

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              High School Socioeconomic Segregation and Student Attainment

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pe
                Páginas de Educación
                Pág. Educ.
                Universidad Católica del Uruguay (Montevideo, , Uruguay )
                1688-7468
                2021
                : 14
                : 2
                : 96-120
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid Spain
                [2] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid Spain raquel.granna@ 123456uam.es
                Article
                S1688-74682021000200096 S1688-7468(21)01400200096
                10.22235/pe.v14i2.2659
                62832922-015e-45d5-a7a2-b855f358c722

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 August 2021
                : 31 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 25
                Product

                SciELO Uruguay

                Categories
                Artículos

                primary education.,segregación escolar,nivel socioeconómico,rendimiento escolar,Uruguay,educación primaria.,school segregation,socio-economic level,academic performance

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