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      Caracterización morfológica del páncreas en alpacas (Vicugna pacos) neonatas y en fetos del último tercio de gestación Translated title: Morphological characterization of the pancreas in newborns and foetuses of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the last third of gestation

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          Abstract

          El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y describir las características macroscópicas y microscópicas de la anatomía del páncreas de la alpaca, tanto en fetos del último tercio de gestación como en neonatos (0-30 días). Se estudiaron los páncreas de tres fetos del último tercio de gestación, y de crías de alpaca recién nacidas (n=3), de 0 días (n=5), 7 días (n=5), 15 días (n=5) y 30 días (n=5). En el estudio macroscópico se observó el páncreas in situ, sus conductos y su relación con otros órganos, tomándose medidas biométricas (longitud corporal, altura a la cruz, perímetro torácico y perímetro abdominal) y el peso de los individuos. Macroscópicamente, el páncreas es similar al de las alpacas adultas. Microscópicamente, el páncreas presenta una citoarquitectura celular definida, formada por acinos tubulares de citoplasma acidófilo, elongado, de núcleos basales e islotes irregulares (en cuanto a tamaño y forma), además de grupos celulares no diferenciados. Esta citoarquitectura varía en la primera semana de edad, donde la conformación de los acinos e islotes es irregular, presentando una alta tasa de división celular y gran cantidad de células precursoras distribuidas por todo el campo. La actividad celular disminuye con la edad, encontrándose en los animales de 30 días de nacidas una citoarquitectura bastante similar al de las alpacas adultas.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this study was to identify and describe the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the anatomy of the pancreas of alpacas, both in the last third of the gestation and in the neonate (0-30 days). The study included three foetuses and 18 alpaca crias (0 days [3], 7 days [5], 15 days [5], and 30 days [5]). In the macroscopic analysis, the pancreas was observed in situ, including its ducts and its relationship with other organs, taking biometric measures (body length, height at withers, thoracic perimeter, and abdominal perimeter), as well as the weight of the individuals. Macroscopically, the pancreas is alike to that of adult alpacas. Microscopically, the pancreas presents a definite cellular cytoarchitecture, formed by tubular acinar of acidophilic cytoplasm, elongated of basal nuclei and irregular islets (in size and shape), as well as undifferentiated cell groups. This cytoarchitecture varies in the first week of age, where the conformation of acini and islets is irregular, presenting a high rate of cell division and a great number of precursor cells distributed throughout the field. The cellular activity diminishes with the age, being found in the animals of 30 days a cytoarchitecture quite alike to the one of the adult alpacas.

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          Apoptosis participates in the remodeling of the endocrine pancreas in the neonatal rat.

          In rodents, shortly after birth a lack of increase in pancreatic weight and in islet mass have been reported during a time of overall body weight increase. To understand this regulation of the neonatal growth of the beta cell mass, we studied Sprague Dawley rats at 2, 9, 13, 17, 20, 24, and 31 days of age for beta cell replication, beta cell mass, and cell size and for the presence of cell apoptosis. beta cell mass was stable from 2-20 days (range: 0.91 +/- 0.2 to 1.33 +/- 0.23 mg) and increased thereafter. beta cell replication progressively decreased. Condensed apoptotic nuclei were identified and counted on paraffin sections using the fluorescent dye propidium iodide. Apoptotic beta cell nuclei were found at a basal rate (1.54 +/- 0.22%) at 2, 9, and again after 20 days of age. However, at 13 and 17 days, the incidence of apoptosis was significantly increased (3.64 +/- 0.45%). The decreased replication and the increased incidence of apoptosis in the beta cells strongly suggest a wave of neogenesis of beta cells to maintain the constant beta cell mass. These data show that the endocrine pancreas undergoes significant modification during neonatal life and that apoptosis is an important mechanism in this remodeling of the beta cell mass. Whether a selective deletion of some population of beta cells occurs is unclear, but a dysregulation of this remodeling process could have important effects on the pancreatic beta cell mass.
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            Linear correlation between the total islet mass and the volume-weighted mean islet volume.

            To understand the dynamics of islet population, especially during conditions with growth of the total islet mass, it is important to have reliable estimators of parameters describing the quantitative appearance of the islet population. We describe a stereological estimator of the volume-weighted mean islet volume based on unbiased assumption-free stereological principles. The volume-weighted mean islet volume is the mean islet volume if the islets are weighted (sampled) proportional to their volume. This method allows simultaneously unbiased estimation of the total islet mass. With use of this method, 22 male Sprague-Dawley rats within the age span of 34-102 days old were investigated. We found a linear correlation (P < 0.001) between total islet mass and the volume-weighted mean islet volume. The results support models demonstrating that the physiological growth of the total islet mass in the period studied is totally or mainly caused by proportional growth of existing islets. The functional meaning of the volume-weighted mean islet volume is discussed, and previous methods to study the mean islet volume and islet number are critically evaluated. We propose the volume-weighted mean islet volume to be a biologically useful parameter when describing the mean volume of the pancreatic islets and investigating the differences between experimental groups.
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              Prediction of gestational age by ultrasonic fetometry in llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Lama pacos)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rivep
                Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú
                Rev. investig. vet. Perú
                Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria (Lima, , Peru )
                1609-9117
                October 2018
                : 29
                : 4
                : 1087-1100
                Affiliations
                [01] Lima orgnameUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria orgdiv2Laboratorio de Anatomía Animal y Fauna Silvestre Perú
                [02] Lima orgnameUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria orgdiv2Laboratorio de Histología, Embriología y Patología Veterinaria Perú
                Article
                S1609-91172018000400002
                10.15381/rivep.v29i4.15178
                53c8bec9-0075-41b1-a7c3-09d9b6544035

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 June 2017
                : 12 July 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Artículos primarios

                morphology,newborn,pancreas,alpaca,feto,morfología,neonato,páncreas,fetus
                morphology, newborn, pancreas, alpaca, feto, morfología, neonato, páncreas, fetus

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