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      A função adaptativa da transmissão cultural

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          Abstract

          O principal objetivo deste artigo é sugerir como podemos explicar a transmissão cultural dentro de um quadro evolucionista geral, aceitável da perspectiva naturalista. Para fazer isso, primeiro reconsiderarei duas das principais teorias que foram propostas com o mesmo objetivo, a saber, a sociobiologia e a memética. Em relação primeira, preservarei a ideia de que a origem dos traços culturais reside em uma adaptação biológica. Relativamente segunda teoria, aceitarei que há um sentido, em que os traços culturais são adaptados, que difere do simples "incremento da fitness biológica". O segundo objetivo, estreitamente relacionado com o primeiro, é explicar porque certos fenômenos culturais não biologicamente adaptativos, as mal-adaptações, mantêm-se e, assim, apresentar um esquema interpretativo adaptacionista, mas não genocêntrico, para a compreensão das dinâmicas culturais. A fim de articular minhas teses em uma proposta original, farei uso das ideias de Boyd e Richerson e introduzirei a distinção entre adaptações de primeira e de segunda ordem.

          Translated abstract

          The main objective of this study is to suggest how we can explain cultural transmission within a general evolutionary, naturalistically acceptable, framework. To do so, I will begin by reconsidering the two major theories that have been proposed for the same purpose, namely, sociobiology and memetics. Regarding sociobiology, I will preserve the idea that the origin of cultural traits lies in a biological adaptation. Regarding the second theory, I will accept that there is a sense in which cultural traits are adapted that differs from simple "increase of biological fitness". The second objective, closely related to the first, is to explain why certain cultural phenomena that are not biologically adaptive, called maladaptations, remain, and thus to provide an adaptationist, but not genocentric, interpretive framework for understanding cultural dynamics. In order to articulate my thesis in an original proposal, I will use the ideas of Boyd and Richerson and introduce the distinction between first order and second order adaptations.

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          Most cited references46

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          Science as a Process

          David Hull (1988)
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            The Selfish Gene

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ss
                Scientiae Studia
                Sci. stud.
                Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Filosofia (São Paulo )
                2316-8994
                2012
                : 10
                : 2
                : 269-295
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1678-31662012000200004
                10.1590/S1678-31662012000200004
                4e83f8b3-23fd-4d8d-b909-3f7b17f3dbc1

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1678-3166&lng=en
                Categories
                HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
                PHILOSOPHY

                General philosophy
                Adaptacionism,Sociobiology,Meme,Cultural variable,Maladaptation,Second order adaptation,Adaptacionismo,Sociobiologia,Variante cultural,Mal-adaptação,Adaptação de segunda ordem

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