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      Applications of Bioimpedance Measurement Techniques in Tissue Engineering

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          Abstract

          Rapid development in the field of tissue engineering necessitates implementation of monitoring methods for evaluation of the viability and characteristics of the cell cultures in a real-time, non-invasive and non-destructive manner. Current monitoring techniques are mainly histological and require labeling and involve destructive tests to characterize cell cultures. Bioimpedance measurement technique which benefits from measurement of electrical properties of the biological tissues, offers a non-invasive, label-free and real-time solution for monitoring tissue engineered constructs. This review outlines the fundamentals of bioimpedance, as well as electrical properties of the biological tissues, different types of cell culture constructs and possible electrode configuration set ups for performing bioimpedance measurements on these cell cultures. In addition, various bioimpedance measurement techniques and their applications in the field of tissue engineering are discussed.

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          Most cited references155

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          Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification.

          Microenvironments appear important in stem cell lineage specification but can be difficult to adequately characterize or control with soft tissues. Naive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are shown here to specify lineage and commit to phenotypes with extreme sensitivity to tissue-level elasticity. Soft matrices that mimic brain are neurogenic, stiffer matrices that mimic muscle are myogenic, and comparatively rigid matrices that mimic collagenous bone prove osteogenic. During the initial week in culture, reprogramming of these lineages is possible with addition of soluble induction factors, but after several weeks in culture, the cells commit to the lineage specified by matrix elasticity, consistent with the elasticity-insensitive commitment of differentiated cell types. Inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II blocks all elasticity-directed lineage specification-without strongly perturbing many other aspects of cell function and shape. The results have significant implications for understanding physical effects of the in vivo microenvironment and also for therapeutic uses of stem cells.
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            Capturing complex 3D tissue physiology in vitro.

            The emergence of tissue engineering raises new possibilities for the study of complex physiological and pathophysiological processes in vitro. Many tools are now available to create 3D tissue models in vitro, but the blueprints for what to make have been slower to arrive. We discuss here some of the 'design principles' for recreating the interwoven set of biochemical and mechanical cues in the cellular microenvironment, and the methods for implementing them. We emphasize applications that involve epithelial tissues for which 3D models could explain mechanisms of disease or aid in drug development.
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              TEER measurement techniques for in vitro barrier model systems.

              Transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a widely accepted quantitative technique to measure the integrity of tight junction dynamics in cell culture models of endothelial and epithelial monolayers. TEER values are strong indicators of the integrity of the cellular barriers before they are evaluated for transport of drugs or chemicals. TEER measurements can be performed in real time without cell damage and generally are based on measuring ohmic resistance or measuring impedance across a wide spectrum of frequencies. The measurements for various cell types have been reported with commercially available measurement systems and also with custom-built microfluidic implementations. Some of the barrier models that have been widely characterized using TEER include the blood-brain barrier (BBB), gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and pulmonary models. Variations in these values can arise due to factors such as temperature, medium formulation, and passage number of cells. The aim of this article is to review the different TEER measurement techniques and analyze their strengths and weaknesses, determine the significance of TEER in drug toxicity studies, examine the various in vitro models and microfluidic organs-on-chips implementations using TEER measurements in some widely studied barrier models (BBB, GI tract, and pulmonary), and discuss the various factors that can affect TEER measurements.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Electr Bioimpedance
                J Electr Bioimpedance
                joeb
                joeb
                Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance
                Sciendo
                1891-5469
                January 2018
                31 December 2018
                : 9
                : 1
                : 142-158
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Physics, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
                [2 ]Vascular Investigations and Circulation lab, Aker Hospital, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway
                [3 ]Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway
                Author notes
                Article
                joeb-2018-0019
                10.2478/joeb-2018-0019
                7852004
                33584930
                4636dba9-9060-4c69-9472-d21fb6ff212f
                © 2018 M. Amini, J. Hisdal, H. Kalvøy published by Sciendo

                This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

                History
                : 14 December 2018
                Page count
                Pages: 17
                Categories
                Review Article

                tissue engineering,bioimpedance measurement,non-invasive monitoring

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