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      Masculinity Threat, “Incel” Traits, and Violent Fantasies Among Heterosexual Men in the United States

      1 , 2
      Feminist Criminology
      SAGE Publications

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          Abstract

          The current study aims to shed light on how masculinity threat and challenges from women translate into fantasies of mass and gender-based violence. These attitudes are evident among some self-proclaimed “incels,” who blame social liberalism, feminism, and sexually active men for their rejection from women. We developed a measure of “incel” traits, which was administered in an online self-report survey of 18- to 30-year-old heterosexual men in the United States. As hypothesized, stress in one’s inability to live up to norms of masculinity and endorsement of “incel” traits are associated with violent fantasies about rape and using powerful weapons against enemies.

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          Most cited references54

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          Doing Gender

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            Frustration-aggression hypothesis: examination and reformulation.

            Examines the Dollard et al. (1939) frustration-aggression hypothesis. The original formulation's main proposition is limited to interference with an expected attainment of a desired goal on hostile (emotional) aggression. Although some studies have yielded negative results, others support the core proposition. Frustrations can create aggressive inclinations even when they are not arbitrary or aimed at the subject personally. Interpretations and attributions can be understood partly in terms of the original analysis but they can also influence the unpleasantness of the thwarting. A proposed revision of the 1939 model holds that frustrations generate aggressive inclinations to the degree that they arouse negative affect. Evidence regarding the aggressive consequences of aversive events is reviewed, and Berkowitz's cognitive-neoassociationistic model is summarized.
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              FOUNDATION FOR A GENERAL STRAIN THEORY OF CRIME AND DELINQUENCY*

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Feminist Criminology
                Feminist Criminology
                SAGE Publications
                1557-0851
                1557-086X
                July 2020
                December 25 2019
                July 2020
                : 15
                : 3
                : 278-298
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA
                [2 ]University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
                Article
                10.1177/1557085119896415
                4428631c-6d24-4afa-ace6-5027bcfb1e4a
                © 2020

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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