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      The interplay between executive control, behavioural variability and mind wandering: Insights from a high-definition transcranial direct-current stimulation study.

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          Abstract

          While the involvement of executive processes in mind wandering is largely undebated, their exact relationship is subject to an ongoing debate and rarely studied dynamically within-subject. Several brain-stimulation studies using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have attempted to modulate mind-wandering propensity by stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) which is an important hub in the prefrontal control network. In a series of three studies testing a total of N = 100 participants, we develop a novel task that allows to study the dynamic interplay of mind wandering, behavioural varibility and the flexible recruitment of executive resources as indexed by the randomness (entropy) of movement sequences generated by our participants. We consistently find that behavioural variability is increased and randomness is decreased during periods of mind wandering. Interestingly, we also find that behavioural variability interacts with the entropy-MW effect, opening up the possibility to detect distinct states of off-focus cognition. When applying a high-definition transcranial direct-current stimulation (HD-tDCS) montage to the left DLPFC, we find that propensity to mind wander is reduced relative to a group receiving sham stimulation.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Eur J Neurosci
          The European journal of neuroscience
          Wiley
          1460-9568
          0953-816X
          March 2021
          : 53
          : 5
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Institute for Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
          Article
          10.1111/ejn.15049
          33220131
          429359c1-dd9f-4a71-96cf-b2ef2edcd05b
          © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Neuroscience published by Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
          History

          approximate entropy,attention,behavioural variability,mind wandering,randomness,tDCS,task-unrelated thought

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