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      From process to product: writing engagement and performance of EFL learners under computer-generated feedback instruction

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          Abstract

          Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is gradually penetrating the domain of education, opening up many possibilities for teaching and learning. Many educators, faced with the burden of commenting on substantial student essays, have introduced automated writing evaluation (AWE) into second language (L2) writing considering its affordance of immediate scores and diagnostic information. However, students’ processing strategies and perceptions of such computer-generated feedback and its impact on student writing quality, particularly as mediated by language proficiency, remain under-explored. This study examines the impact of Pigai, a Chinese AWE system, on revision processes and writing products of 42 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners with varying language levels by analyzing feedback points, feedback uptake, text quality in complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF), and perceptions. The findings are as follows. When confronted with AWE instruction, the majority of student work focuses on correcting errors, but higher-level students exhibit an emphasis on language improvement beyond the surface level compared to lower-level students. According to CAF measures, automated feedback exerts greater effects on accuracy for unskilled learners and lexical complexity for skilled learners in the development of interlanguage. Learner profiles and perceptions of students at different levels are explored along four dimensions: writing quality, cognitive engagement, behavioral engagement, and affective engagement. Finally, the potential issues of such technology-based writing instruction are pointed out.

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          Most cited references53

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          A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research.

          Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is a widely used reliability index in test-retest, intrarater, and interrater reliability analyses. This article introduces the basic concept of ICC in the content of reliability analysis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2236978/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Role: Role: Role:
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2305140/overviewRole: Role: Role:
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                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1830202/overviewRole: Role:
                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychol.
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                23 October 2023
                2023
                : 14
                : 1258286
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Foreign Languages, Xi’an Jiaotong University City College , Xi’an, China
                [2] 2School of Foreign Languages, Chang’an University , Xi’an, China
                [3] 3School of Foreign Studies, Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an, China
                [4] 4ATC Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University , Xi’an, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Bin Zou, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China

                Reviewed by: Nina Daskalovska, Goce Delcev University, North Macedonia; Wen Jia, Nanjing Agricultural University, China

                *Correspondence: Chen Shen, chenshen1109@ 123456163.com
                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1258286
                10701688
                38078248
                3ad6603e-a803-4533-9ebd-0465b2123b0e
                Copyright © 2023 Shen, Shi, Guo, Xu and Tian.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 13 July 2023
                : 09 October 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 9, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 13, Words: 10313
                Funding
                The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was supported by Shaanxi Province Education Science Plan Project (SGH21Y0402).
                Categories
                Psychology
                Original Research
                Custom metadata
                Educational Psychology

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                automated writing evaluation,language proficiency,computer-assisted language learning,writing performance,caf,engagement

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