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      Can black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) be reared on waste streams for food and feed? – A safety perspective

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          Abstract

          The use of insects as feed and food can be part of the solution towards a circular economy, in case the safety of insect products is assured. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens) can be reared on different waste streams. However, before BSFL can be legally reared on these streams, the safety of BSFL for feed and food should be assessed thoroughly. This study aimed to investigate several food safety aspects of BSFL grown on waste streams. Therefore, BSFL were reared for 7 days on substrate mixtures of waste streams with similar protein and moisture content. These waste streams included fast food waste (FF), mushroom stem (MS), pig manure solids (PS), poultry meal (PM) and slaughter waste (SW). The substrates, BSFL and the frass were analysed for the presence of metals and veterinary drugs. The substrates and BSFL were also analysed for presence of DNA of ruminant, pig and chicken. Some of the metals accumulated in BSFL, although the concentrations in BSFL (as these would be manufactured as feed) were below maximum limits for feed. Only traces of some of the analysed veterinary drugs were found in the BFSL and no accumulation thereof was observed. DNA of ruminant and pig was traced back in BSFL samples, however, chicken was not. A good understanding of the presence of food safety hazards and possible variance thereof in potential substrates, such as waste streams, and their possible residues in insects is necessary for implementation of this circular way of insect feeding in the food chain.

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          Most cited references29

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          Nutritional composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae reared on different organic waste substrates

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            Black soldier fly larvae can effectively degrade oxytetracycline bacterial residue by means of the gut bacterial community

            C. Liu (2025)
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              Potential of biological processes to eliminate antibiotics in livestock manure: an overview

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                Journal
                Journal of Insects as Food and Feed
                J. Insects Food Feed
                Brill
                2352-4588
                January 19 2024
                June 28 2024
                January 19 2024
                June 28 2024
                : 10
                : 7
                : 1211-1221
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
                [2 ]Wageningen Livestock Research, De Elst 1, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
                [3 ]Wageningen Plant Research, Edelhertweg 1, 8219 PH Lelystad, The Netherlands
                Article
                10.1163/23524588-20230169
                368654f2-ab1d-4aab-991c-8677c6b6c58e
                © 2024

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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