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      Un individuo juvenil de Pterocnemia pennata (Aves, Rheidae) en el Pleistoceno de la Región Pampeana: implicancias ontogenéticas y ambientales Translated title: A juvenile of Pterocnemia pennata (Aves, Rheidae) from the Pleistocene of the Pampean region: ontogenic and environmental implications

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          Abstract

          Se da a conocer un individuo juvenil de Pterocnemia pennata (MACN 14780) procedente del Bonaerense (Pleistoceno Tardío temprano) de la localidad de Salto (Partido de Salto), en el norte de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) constituyendo el registro fósil más septentrional de la especie. El individuo consta de miembros posteriores completos y fragmentos del miembro anterior, falanges y vértebras. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar en los miembros posteriores, aquellos rasgos que puedan ser indicativos de la etapa ontogenética postnatal (juvenil, subadulto y adulto) del fósil. Se analizaron caracteres relacionados con la maduración ósea de las epífisis, regiones proximales y distales de los huesos y la textura del periostio. Los miembros posteriores del ejemplar fósil corresponden a un individuo inmaduro: el fémur carece de la región intercondilar y faltan las epífisis proximales del tibiotarso y del tarsometatarso. Además, en el tarsometatarso la región proximal del cuerpo es expandida, abultada y los metatatarsales no están completamente fusionados entre sí. La textura del periostio se caracteriza por presentar numerosos poros en el fémur y estriaciones en el tibiotarso y tarsometatarso, indicativos de inmadurez. La etapa ontogenética puede no ser reconocida cuando sólo se encuentran partes de huesos que no presentan rasgos de inmadurez (e.g., región proximal del fémur, región distal del tibiotarso y/o tarsometatarso). La presencia de Pterocnemia pennata en un área fuera de su distribución geográfica actual es una evidencia más que refuerza la hipótesis de la extensión de condiciones áridas en el territorio pampeano durante el Pleistoceno Tardío temprano.

          Translated abstract

          A juvenile of Pterocnemia pennata (MACN 14780) from the Bonaerian (early Late Pleistocene) locality of Salto (Salto district), in the north of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina is presented. This is the northernmost record for the species. The specimen consists of the hind limbs and fragments of fore limbs, phalanxes and vertebrae. The aim of this work is to describe and analyze those features of the hind limb that could indicate the postnatal ontogenetic stage (juvenile, subadult and adult) of the fossil. Characteristics related to the osseous maturation of the epiphyses as well as proximal and distal regions of the bones and to the periosteum texture were analyzed. The specimen hind limbs showed features which could be attributed to an immature age: the femur lacks the intercondylar region and the proximal epiphyses of the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus are absent. In addition, the proximal region of the tarsometatarsus is expanded and bulky and the metatarsals are not completely fussed among each other. The texture of the periosteum is characterized by numerous porous in the femur and striations in the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus, which are indicative of immatureness. The assignment to the postnatal ontogenetic stage could be misinterpreted if the fragmentary remain belongs to those parts that do not show immaturity features in a juvenile (e.g. proximal region of femur, distal region of tibiotarsus and/or tarsometatarsus). The presence of a new specimen of Pterocnemia pennata in a territory outside its current geographical distribution is another evidence that reinforces the hypothesis of arid conditions for this region during the early Late Pleistocene.

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          Most cited references43

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          Climatic variations in the Argentine plains during the last 18,000 years

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            Postnatal ontogeny, population structure, and extinction of the giant moa Dinornis.

            Recent reinterpretation of the giant moa Dinornis as consisting of two sexually dimorphic allospecies permits thorough site-by-site investigation of the ontogeny and population biology of this genus. Analysis of subadult skeletal material from natural swamp sites in the North and South Islands of New Zealand forms the basis for recognition of growth series for each long bone element, characterized by sequential formation of fossulae in the femur and fusion of bones in the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus. Femora reached progressive developmental stages more rapidly than the other long bones, but all three elements reached maturity at about the same time. Patterns of bone fusion in Dinornis are more similar to those in Apteryx than in Struthio, and kiwi are recognized as a suitable developmental analog for interpreting moa ontogeny. Samples from Bell Hill Vineyard Swamp (South Island) and Makirikiri swamp (North Island) are interpreted as representing autochthonous moa populations; comparison with stages of kiwi long bone development suggests that Dinornis at these sites had high adult survivorship in strongly K-selected populations, with 72.5-87.3% of individuals having achieved adult body mass, and 55.9-78.2% being sexually mature. The pattern of low fecundity and probable high longevity in both Dinornis species suggests that populations were vulnerable to loss of adults, primarily through hunting, rather than as a result of habitat destruction.
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              A re-investigation of the centres of ossification in the avian skeleton at and after hatching.

              D. Hogg (1980)
              The centres of ossification occurring in the skeleton of the domestic fowl from hatching onwards have been re-investigated in groups of birds from the same hatches, reared under standardised conditions and sampled at intervals from hatching to 182 days. Selected areas have been surveyed in adult birds. The numerous centres which are already present at hatching have been identified. Those first appearing around the time of hatching were for the uncinate processes and the phalanx of digit IV. The centres appearing after hatching were those for metacarpal II, four carpal centres, the orbitosphenoid, rostal and caudal basibranchials, epibranchials, entoglossal, proximal tibial centre, patella and tarsal sesamoid. These have been illustrated and the mean time of appearance and range of time of appearance of each calculated. Some evidence of slight variation in sequence of appearance was detected. The proximal tibial centre was concluded to be the only true secondary centre in the long bones and to correspond to the traction epiphysis of this region in the mammal. In adults, the phalangeal formula of the manus was found usually to be 2:2:1, but occasionally it was reduced to 1:2:1. The only sesamoidean centre found, other than the patella and the tarsal sesamoid, was in the carpal region and was termed the dorsal carpal sesamoid. Some of the many controversies existing in the previous literature have been assessed in the light of the findings of this study.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmcg
                Revista mexicana de ciencias geológicas
                Rev. mex. cienc. geol
                Instituto de Geología, UNAM (México, DF, Mexico )
                1026-8774
                2007-2902
                April 2011
                : 28
                : 1
                : 192-200
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Argentina mpicasso@ 123456fcnym.unlp.edu.ar
                [02] orgnameFondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica Argentina
                [01] Buenos Aires orgnameMuseo de La Plata orgdiv1División Paleontología Vertebrados Argentina
                Article
                S1026-87742011000100014 S1026-8774(11)02800100014
                2f8e86c8-878c-4140-83d3-a9946008ac11

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 November 2010
                : 13 December 2010
                : 31 August 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Mexico


                ontogenia postnatal,Palaeognathae,early Late Pleistocene,ossification centers,centros de osificación,Argentina,postnatal ontogeny,Pleistoceno Tardío temprano

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