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      Epidémiologie de la dépendance des personnes âgées en Tunisie. Etude HSHS* 7 (Hammam Sousse Sahloul Heart Study) Translated title: Epidemiology of elderly dependency in Tunisia. HSHS study 7

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          Résumé

          Objectifs: Mesurer le degré d’autonomie fonctionnelle des personnes âgées, et identifier ses composants et ses facteurs déterminants, dans la population HSHS (H ammam-Sousse S ahloul H eart S tudy, phase 2009, Tunisie).

          Méthodes: Il s’agissait d’une étude spécifique à la qualité de vie des sujets âgés de 65 ans ou plus, vivant à domicile, de la cohorte HSHS, réparties en deux groupes: les gérontins (65-74 ans) et les vieillards de (≥75 ans). L’autonomie a été évaluée par les échelles des activités courantes « Activities of Daily Living» (ADL), variant de zéro à six, instrumentales « Instrumental Activities of Daily Living» (IADL), variant de zéro à huit, et combinées (variant de zéro à 14), iso-pondérés à raison d’un point par activité. L’autonomie aux activités courantes a été retenue pour un score ADL=6, et un score IADL (F=8; H=5). Les sujets ayant un score global (somme ADL et IADL) de 10-14 points étaient considérés globalement autonomes.

          Résultats: La population d’étude a été à prédominance féminine ( sex-ratio=0,6) avec une proportion importante des vieillards (H=43%, F=37%). Les taux d’autonomie ont été selon l’ADL (H=57,4%, F=36,1%, p<10-2), selon l’IADL (H=16%, F=23,9% p=NS) et selon le score combiné (H=60,6%, F=69%, p=NS). La typologie de la dépendance a été dominée par le déplacement (H=35%, F=61%) et la prise de bains (H=14%, F=19%) pour les activités ADL, et l’accomplissement des courses (H=36%, F=49%) et l’usage des moyens de transport (H=22%, F=43%) pour les activités IADL. Après ajustement, l’autonomie aux activités courantes a été attribuée à deux facteurs indépendants: le sexe masculin (ORa=3,98, IC(95%) [1,328-11,971]) et la classe d’âge de 65 à 75 ans (ORa=4,04, IC(95%) [2,039-8,025]). L’autonomie aux activités instrumentales a été associée à la classe d’âge (ORa=31,5, IC(95%) [4,087-233,514]). Enfinة l’autonomie globale (courante et instrumentale), a été associée d’une manière indépendante après régression logistique, à quatre facteurs indépendants dont deux non modifiables: femmes (ORa=3,1, IC(95%) [ 1, 2-8,1]) et de 65 à 75 ans (ORa=6,2 IC(95%) [ 3, 1-12,3]) et deux facteurs modifiables: n’ayant pas un séjour hospitalier récent (ORa=3,8, IC(95%) [ 1, 4-10,4]) et un niveau d’activité physique suffisant (ORa=2,6, IC(95%) [ 1, 3-5,3]).

          Conclusion: Le taux de dépendance physique des personnes âgées est très élevé en Tunisie. La promotion de l’activité physique, l’extension d’études similaires et le développement de métier d’aide à domicile pourraient améliorer l’accompagnement de ces personnes.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract

          Objective: Measure the functional autonomy of elderly people and identify its components and determinants in the HSHS (H ammam-Sousse S ahloul H eart S tudy) population (phase 2009, Tunisia)

          Methods: This study was concerned with the quality of life of elderly people aged 65 years or more, living at home from the HSHS cohort divided into two groups: young-old (65-74 years old) and old-old (≥75 years old). The autonomy was assessed using the “Activities of Daily Living” (ADL) scale ranging from 0 to 6, the “Instrumental Activities of Daily Living” (IADL) scale ranging from 0 to 8 and, the combined scale ranging from zero to 14, iso-weighted at one point per activity. Autonomy in daily activities was retained for an ADL score=6, and an IADL score (F=8; H=5). Subjects with an overall score (sum of ADL and IADL) of 10-14 points were considered globally autonomous.

          Results: The population study was predominantly female (sex-ratio=0,6) with an important proportion of old-old (M=43%, F=37%). Autonomy rates were by ADL (M=57.4%, F=36.1%, p<10-2), IADL (M=16%, F=23.9%), and by combined score (M=60.6%, F=69%, p=NS). The typology of dependency was dominated by transferring (M=35%, F=61%) and bathing (M=14%, F=19%) for ADL activities, and shopping (M=36%, F=49%) and the use of means of transport (M=22%, F=43%) for IADL activities. After adjustment, autonomy in daily activities was attributed to two independent factors: male sex (ORa=3.98, CI95% [ 1.328-11.971]) and age group 65-75 (ORa=4.04, CI95% [ 2.039-8.025]). Autonomy in instrumental activities was associated with age group (ORa=31.5, CI95% [ 4.087-233.514]). Finally, overall autonomy (current and instrumental) was associated independently after logistic regression, with four independent factors, two of which were not modifiable: being female (ORa=3.1, CI95% [ 1.2-8.1]) and 65 to 75 years (ORa=6.2, CI95% [ 3.1-12.3]) and two modifiable factors: no recent hospitalization (ORa=3.8, CI95% [ 1.4-10.4]) and a sufficient level of physical activity (ORa=2.6, CI95% [ 1.3-5.3]).

          Conclusion: The physical dependency rate of the elderly is very high in Tunisia. The promotion of physical activity, the extension of similar studies and the development of could improve the support of these people.

          Translated abstract

          الملخّص

          الهدف : قياس درجة الاستقلالية الوظيفية لكبار السن في أنشطة ADL و IADL، وتحديد مكوناتها والعوامل المحددة لها، في صفوف السكان HSHS (H ammam-Sousse S ahloul H eart S tudy ، المرحلة 2009، تونس).

          الطرق : اهتمت هذه دراسة خاصة بنوعية حياة الأشخاص الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 65 عامًا وأكثر والذين يعيشون في المنزل في مجموعة HSHS، مقسمة إلى مجموعتين: (65-74 عامًا) و الطاعنين في السِنّ (≥75عامًا). تم تقييم استقلالية كبار السن من خلال مقاييس أنشطة الحياة اليومية (ADL)، التي تتراوح من صفر إلى ستة، ومقاييس الأنشطة الآلية للحياة اليومية (IADL)، والتي تتراوح من صفر إلى ثمانية، ومجمعة (تتراوح من صفر إلى 14)، مرجحة عند نقطة واحدة لكل نشاط. تم استخدام الاستقلالية في الأنشطة اليومية للحصول على درجة ADL=6 ودرجة IADL (F=8؛ H=5). تم اعتبار الأشخاص الذين حصلوا على درجة إجمالية (مجموع ADL وIADL) من 10-14 نقطة مستقلين بشكل عام.

          النتائج : كانت الدراسة السكانية في الغالب من الإناث ( sex-ratio =0.6) مع نسبة مهمة من الطاعنين في السِنّ (M=43٪، F=37٪). كانت معدلات الاستقلالية بواسطة ADL (M=36٪، F=49٪، p<10-2)، IADL (M=16٪، F=23.9٪) وبالدرجة المجمعة (M=60.6٪، F=69٪، p=NS). سيطر على تصنيف التبعية نقل (M=35٪، F=61٪) والاستحمام (M=14٪، F=19٪) لأنشطة ADL، والتسوق (H=36٪، F=49٪) واستخدام وسائل النقل (H=22٪، F=43٪) لأنشطة IADL. وبعد التعديل، تُعزى الاستقلالية في الأنشطة اليومية إلى عاملين مستقلين: الجنس الذكوري (ORa=3.98، CI95% [ 1 .328-11.971]) والفئة العمرية 65-75 (ORa=4.04، CI95% [ 2 .039-8.025](. ارتبط الاستقلال الذاتي في الأنشطة الآلية بالطبقة العمرية (ORa=31,5، [233.514-4.087] CI95%). وأخيرا، ارتبط الاستقلالية الشاملة (الحالية والأداتية) ارتباطا مستقلا بعد الانحدار اللوجستي، مع أربعة عوامل مستقلة، اثنان منها لا يمكن تعديلهما: المرأة (ORa=3.1، [ 8 .1-1.2] CI95%) و 65 إلى 75 سنة (ORa=6.2، [ 12 .3-3.1] CI95%) واثنتين قابلتين للتعديل: عدم دخول المستشفى مؤخرًا (ORa=3.8، CI95% [ 10 .4‑1.4]) ومستوى كافٍ من النشاط البدني (ORa=2.6، CI95% [ 5 .3‑1.3]).

          الخلاصة : ومعدل الإعالة البدنية للمسنين مرتفع جدا في تونس. ومن شأن تعزيز النشاط البدني، وتوسيع نطاق الدراسات المماثلة، وتطوير وظائف المساعدة المنزلية أن يحسن دعم هؤلاء الأشخاص.

          الكلمات المفتاحية : أنشطة الحياة اليومية- كبار السن- الإعاقة - الانتشار - عوامل الاختطار - تحليل متعدد المتغيرات - تونس

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          Most cited references21

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          Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

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            STUDIES OF ILLNESS IN THE AGED. THE INDEX OF ADL: A STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTION.

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              Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance predicting activities of daily living: a meta‐analysis

              Abstract Background Activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are essential for independent living and are predictors of morbidity and mortality in older populations. Older adults who are dependent in ADLs and IADLs are also more likely to have poor muscle measures defined as low muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, which further limit their ability to perform activities. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine if muscle measures are predictive of ADL and IADL in older populations. Methods A systematic search was conducted using four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL) from date of inception to 7 June 2018. Longitudinal cohorts were included that reported baseline muscle measures defined by muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in conjunction with prospective ADL or IADL in participants aged 65 years and older at follow‐up. Meta‐analyses were conducted using a random effect model. Results Of the 7760 articles screened, 83 articles were included for the systematic review and involved a total of 108 428 (54.8% female) participants with a follow‐up duration ranging from 11 days to 25 years. Low muscle mass was positively associated with ADL dependency in 5/9 articles and 5/5 for IADL dependency. Low muscle strength was associated with ADL dependency in 22/34 articles and IADL dependency in 8/9 articles. Low physical performance was associated with ADL dependency in 37/49 articles and with IADL dependency in 9/11 articles. Forty‐five articles were pooled into the meta‐analyses, 36 reported ADL, 11 reported IADL, and 2 reported ADL and IADL as a composite outcome. Low muscle mass was associated with worsening ADL (pooled odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.19 (1.29–7.92)) and worsening IADL (1.28 (1.02–1.61)). Low handgrip strength was associated with both worsening ADL and IADL (1.51 (1.34–1.70); 1.59 (1.04–2.31) respectively). Low scores on the short physical performance battery and gait speed were associated with worsening ADL (3.49 (2.47–4.92); 2.33 (1.58–3.44) respectively) and IADL (3.09 (1.06–8.98); 1.93 (1.69–2.21) respectively). Low one leg balance (2.74 (1.31–5.72)), timed up and go (3.41 (1.86–6.28)), and chair stand test time (1.90 (1.63–2.21)) were associated with worsening ADL. Conclusions Muscle measures at baseline are predictors of future ADL and IADL dependence in the older adult population.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Tunis Med
                Tunis Med
                Tunis Med
                La Tunisie Médicale
                Tunisian Society of Medical Sciences
                0041-4131
                2724-7031
                December 2022
                01 December 2022
                : 100
                : 12
                : 847-862
                Affiliations
                [1] 1. Direction des Systèmes d’Information; CHU Sahloul de Sousse (Tunisie)
                [2] 2. Faculté de Médecine de Sousse. Université de Sousse (Tunisie)
                [3] 3. Service de Biochimie. CHU Sahloul de Sousse (Tunisie)
                [4] 4. Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir. Université de Monastir (Tunisie)
                [5] 5. Laboratoire de Recherche LR19SP01 «Mesure et Appui à la Performance des Etablissements de Santé».
                Article
                10500754
                37551535
                2db25cba-f0c3-4fe3-8b6d-3c8d7920b3a4
                Copyright @ 2022

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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                activités courantes de la vie ,sujet âgé , perte d’autonomie, prévalence , facteurs de risque , analyse multi variée , tunisie ,activities of daily living , aged , disability ,prevalence ,risk factors ,multi-variable analysis ,tunisia

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