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      Water Electrolysis toward Elevated Temperature: Advances, Challenges and Frontiers.

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          Abstract

          Since severe global warming and related climate issues have been caused by the extensive utilization of fossil fuels, the vigorous development of renewable resources is needed, and transformation into stable chemical energy is required to overcome the detriment of their fluctuations as energy sources. As an environmentally friendly and efficient energy carrier, hydrogen can be employed in various industries and produced directly by renewable energy (called green hydrogen). Nevertheless, large-scale green hydrogen production by water electrolysis is prohibited by its uncompetitive cost caused by a high specific energy demand and electricity expenses, which can be overcome by enhancing the corresponding thermodynamics and kinetics at elevated working temperatures. In the present review, the effects of temperature variation are primarily introduced from the perspective of electrolysis cells. Following an increasing order of working temperature, multidimensional evaluations considering materials and structures, performance, degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies as well as electrolysis in stacks and systems are presented based on elevated temperature alkaline electrolysis cells and polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis cells (ET-AECs and ET-PEMECs), elevated temperature ionic conductors (ET-ICs), protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs) and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs).

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Chem Rev
          Chemical reviews
          American Chemical Society (ACS)
          1520-6890
          0009-2665
          Jun 14 2023
          : 123
          : 11
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.
          [2 ] Beijing Institute of Smart Energy, Changping District, Beijing 102209, China.
          Article
          10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00573
          36749705
          29769eb5-92b2-40a4-bb09-02cc0a5d3e87
          History

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