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      Indonesian Nurses’ Journey in Passing the Japan National Nursing Licensure Examination

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          Abstract

          Background

          Despite the significant number of Indonesian nurses joining the Japanese National Nursing Licensure Examination (JNNLE), only a few of those were successful. Indonesian nurses as one of active migration player to Japan’s market remain a critical support in supporting human resources for health in Japan. However, the successful nurses’ perspectives have yet to be understood entirely. This study aimed to explore the experiences of Indonesian nurses who successfully passed the JNNLE.

          Methods

          This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. The participants were twenty Indonesian nurses who have passed the licensure examination. This study was carried out by semi-structured interviews conducted virtually. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

          Results

          Five themes were discovered in this study: language ability as the key to succeeding in the exam, strategies to passing the exam, supporting resources as factors to increase the passing rate, understanding the nature of nursing exam, and internal motivation to be recognized as a professional nurse in a foreign country.

          Conclusion

          Indonesian nurses who passed the Japanese national nursing licensure examination tend to deploy planned strategies. Honing the language skills while working and living in Japan is very important, while structured support systems in the hospital, government, and social network are imperative to learning the new knowledge in the area of nursing care in Japan.

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          Most cited references37

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          Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness.

          Qualitative content analysis as described in published literature shows conflicting opinions and unsolved issues regarding meaning and use of concepts, procedures and interpretation. This paper provides an overview of important concepts (manifest and latent content, unit of analysis, meaning unit, condensation, abstraction, content area, code, category and theme) related to qualitative content analysis; illustrates the use of concepts related to the research procedure; and proposes measures to achieve trustworthiness (credibility, dependability and transferability) throughout the steps of the research procedure. Interpretation in qualitative content analysis is discussed in light of Watzlawick et al.'s [Pragmatics of Human Communication. A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies and Paradoxes. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, London] theory of communication.
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            Content Analysis : An Introduction to Its Methodology

            What matters in people’s social lives? What motivates and inspires our society? How do we enact what we know? Since the first edition published in 1980, Content Analysis has helped shape and define the field. In the highly anticipated Fourth Edition, award-winning scholar and author Klaus Krippendorff introduces you to the most current method of analyzing the textual fabric of contemporary society. Students and scholars will learn to treat data not as physical events but as communications that are created and disseminated to be seen, read, interpreted, enacted, and reflected upon according to the meanings they have for their recipients. Interpreting communications as texts in the contexts of their social uses distinguishes content analysis from other empirical methods of inquiry. Organized into three parts, Content Analysis first examines the conceptual aspects of content analysis, then discusses components such as unitizing and sampling, and concludes by showing readers how to trace the analytical paths and apply evaluative techniques. The Fourth Edition has been completely revised to offer you the most current techniques and research on content analysis, including new information on reliability and social media. You will also gain practical advice and experience for teaching academic and commercial researchers how to conduct content analysis.
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              Push and pull factors in international nurse migration.

              S Kline (2002)
              To describe the push and pull factors of migration in relation to international recruitment and migration of nurses. Review of literature on nurse migration, examination of effects of donor and receiving countries, and discussion of ethical concerns related to foreign nurse recruitment. The primary donor countries are Australia, Canada, the Philippines, South Africa, and the United Kingdom (UK); the primary receiving countries are Australia, Canada, Ireland, the UK, and the United States (US). The effects of migration on donor countries include the loss of skilled personnel and economic investment; receiving countries receive skilled nurses to fill critical shortages with less economic investment. Ethical concerns include the potential for exploitation of foreign nurses. Nurses migrate to seek better wages and working conditions than they have in their native countries. Given the current conditions, developed countries continue to actively recruit foreign nurses to fill critical shortages. Migration is predicted to continue until developed countries address the underlying causes of nurse shortages and until developing countries address conditions that cause nurses to leave.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Multidiscip Healthc
                J Multidiscip Healthc
                jmdh
                Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
                Dove
                1178-2390
                21 December 2022
                2022
                : 15
                : 2903-2912
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya, Indonesia
                [2 ]Community Health, Geriatric and Family Nursing Research Group, Universitas Airlangga , Surabaya, Indonesia
                [3 ]Department of Statistics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) , Surabaya, Indonesia
                [4 ]Directorate of Health Workforce Deployment, Directorate General of Health Workforce, Ministry of Health , Jakarta, Indonesia
                [5 ]Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Ferry Efendi, Email ferry-e@fkp.unair.ac.id
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7988-9196
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-285X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9458-8241
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-3543
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-2725
                Article
                385296
                10.2147/JMDH.S385296
                9790142
                36575729
                25c9b0f0-38f5-4cb4-b40d-6b0a9aadbe1a
                © 2022 Haryanto et al.

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                : 06 August 2022
                : 24 November 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, References: 37, Pages: 10
                Funding
                Funded by: Universitas Airlangga through “Hibah Riset Mandat”;
                This study was funded by Universitas Airlangga through “Hibah Riset Mandat” grant number 361/UN3.14/PT/2020.
                Categories
                Original Research

                Medicine
                indonesia,japan,migrant worker,migration,nurse licensure examination,migration policy
                Medicine
                indonesia, japan, migrant worker, migration, nurse licensure examination, migration policy

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