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      Comment on ‘Strong reduction of AGO2 expression in melanoma and cellular consequences'

      letter
      Author(s): 1 , * , 1 , 1 , 1
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: British Journal of Cancer
      Publisher: Nature Publishing Group

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          Abstract

          Sir, We would like to congratulate Völler et al (2013) on their recent study showing an unchanged mRNA AGO2 expression in melanoma and a strong reduction of AGO2 expression on protein level. This goes along with the findings in our study on the miRNA processing machinery performed in melanoma, which likewise has previously shown an unchanged mRNA AGO2 expression level in melanoma (Sand et al, 2012c). Interestingly, in contrast to melanoma skin cancer, mRNA AGO2 expression levels in epithelial skin cancer (both cutaneous squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma) were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with healthy controls (Sand et al, 2010, 2012a, 2012b). Although we do agree with the authors that a deregulation of microRNA (miRNA) was observed in several types of cancer and particularly in skin cancer, with reference to our previous studies we do not agree that changes in the miRNA processing enzymes have not been analysed until today as stated in their abstract (Sand et al, 2009, 2011, 2012d, 2012e, 2013; 2014; Sand and Skrygan, 2014).

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          Expression of microRNAs in basal cell carcinoma.

          P Altmeyer, Carlos F Bechara, D Georgas … (2012)
          Perturbations in the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported for a variety of different cancers. Differentially expressed miRNAs have not been systematically evaluated in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin. To initiate a microarray-based miRNA profiling study to identify specific miRNA candidates that are differentially expressed in BCC. Patients with BCC (n = 7) were included in this study. Punch biopsies were harvested from the tumour centre (lesional, n = 7) and from adjacent nonlesional skin (intraindividual control, n = 7). Microarray-based miRNA expression profiles were obtained on an Agilent platform using miRBase 16 screening for 1205 Homo sapiens (hsa)-miRNA candidates. To validate the microarray data, the expression of seven dysregulated miRNAs was measured by TaqMan quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We identified 16 significantly upregulated (hsa-miR-17, hsa-miR-18a, hsa-miR-18b, hsa-miR-19b, hsa-miR-19b-1*, hsa-miR-93, hsa-miR-106b, hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-130a, hsa-miR-181c, hsa-miR-181c*, hsa-miR-181d, hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-455-3p, hsa-miR-455-5p and hsa-miR-542-5p) and 10 significantly downregulated (hsa-miR-29c, hsa-miR-29c*, hsa-miR-139-5p, hsa-miR-140-3p, hsa-miR-145, hsa-miR-378, hsa-miR-572, hsa-miR-638, hsa-miR-2861 and hsa-miR-3196) miRNAs in BCC compared with nonlesional skin. Data mining revealed connections to many tumour-promoting pathways, such as the Hedgehog and the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling cascades. This study identified several miRNA candidates that may play a role in the molecular pathogenesis of BCC. © 2012 The Authors. BJD © 2012 British Association of Dermatologists.
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            Comparative microarray analysis of microRNA expression profiles in primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, cutaneous malignant melanoma metastases, and benign melanocytic nevi.

            Michael Sand, Marina Skrygan, Daniel Sand … (2013)
            Perturbations in microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been reported for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) predominantly when examined in cell lines. Despite the rapidly growing number of newly discovered human miRNA sequences, the availability of up-to-date miRNA expression profiles for clinical samples of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (PCMM), cutaneous malignant melanoma metastases (CMMM), and benign melanocytic nevi (BMN) is limited. Specimens excised from the center of tumors (lesional) from patients with PCMM (n=9), CMMM (n=4), or BMN (n=8) were obtained during surgery. An exploratory microarray analysis was performed by miRNA expression profiling based on Agilent platform screening for 1205 human miRNAs. The results from the microarray analysis were validated by TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition to several miRNAs previously known to be associated with CMM, 19 unidentified miRNA candidates were found to be dysregulated in CMM patient samples. Among the 19 novel miRNA candidates, the genes hsa-miR-22, hsa-miR-130b, hsa-miR-146b-5p, hsa-miR-223, hsa-miR-301a, hsa-miR-484, hsa-miR-663, hsa-miR-720, hsa-miR-1260, hsa-miR-1274a, hsa-miR-1274b, hsa-miR-3663-3p, hsa-miR-4281, and hsa-miR-4286 were upregulated, and the genes hsa-miR-24-1*, hsa-miR-26a, hsa-miR-4291, hsa-miR-4317, and hsa-miR-4324 were downregulated. The results of this study partially confirm previous CMM miRNA profiling studies identifying miRNAs that are dysregulated in CMM. However, we report several novel miRNA candidates in CMM tumors; these miRNA sequences require further validation and functional analysis to evaluate whether they play a role in the pathogenesis of CMM.
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              MicroRNAs and the skin: tiny players in the body's largest organ.

              Michael Sand, Thilo Gambichler, Daniel Sand … (2009)
              MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are very small endogenous RNA molecules about 22-25 nucleotides in length, capable of post-transcriptional gene regulation. miRNAs bind to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to cleavage or suppression of target mRNA translation based on the degree of complementarity. miRNAs have recently been shown to play pivotal roles in diverse developmental and cellular processes and linked to a variety of skin diseases and cancers. Disruption of miRNA metabolism is also involved in wound healing and inflammatory skin conditions. Here, we review the role of miRNAs in cutaneous biology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Br J Cancer
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Br. J. Cancer
                Title: British Journal of Cancer
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
                ISSN (Print): 0007-0920
                ISSN (Electronic): 1532-1827
                Publication date (Print): 14 October 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 February 2014
                Publication date PMC-release: 14 October 2014
                Volume: 111
                Issue: 8
                Page: 1673
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum , Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: bjc201456
                DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.56
                PMC ID: 4200102
                PubMed ID: 24556623
                SO-VID: 1eab521b-23f4-422e-909e-2148da5b226e
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014 Cancer Research UK
                License:

                This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

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                Subject: Letter to the Editor

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy

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