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      Fenomenologia e fenomenismo em Husserl e Mach

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          Abstract

          Como conciliar as repetidas críticas ao fenomenismo de Mach, um pouco por toda a obra de Husserl, com o papel proeminente que Husserl parece nele reconhecer em seus últimos trabalhos, quanto à gênese de sua própria fenomenologia? Para responder a essa questão, examinaremos, primeiramente, a relação estreita que Husserl estabelece entre o método fenomenológico e o descritivismo de Mach à luz do debate que opõe nativismo e empirismo sobre a origem da percepção do espaço. Em seguida, examinaremos dois aspectos da crítica que Husserl faz ao positivismo de Mach: o primeiro se refere ao fenomenismo e sua doutrina dos elementos, enquanto o segundo, ao princípio de economia de pensamento, que Husserl associa a uma forma de psicologismo em Prolegômenos. A hipótese que nos guiará nesse estudo é que as opiniões aparentemente contraditórias de Husserl sobre o positivismo de Mach se explicam em parte pelo estatuto duplo que a fenomenologia recebe em seus últimos trabalhos: enquanto programa filosófico, ela se opõe explicitamente ao positivismo; enquanto método, ela se aparenta ao descritivismo de Mach. Concluiremos com a ideia de que esses dois filósofos de origem checa perseguiam o objetivo comum de apreender o sentido originário de positividade.

          Translated abstract

          How to conciliate the recurrent criticisms to Mach's phenomenism, a bit in all Husserl's work, with the outstanding role Husserl seems to recognise in phenomenism in his last works, as to the genesis of his own phenomenology? In order to answer this question, we examine, first, the close relationship stablished by Husserl between the phenomenological method and Mach's descriptivism in light of the debate that opposes nativism and empiricism regarding the origin of the perception of space. Next, we examine two features of Husserl's criticism to Mach's positivism: the first refers to phenomenism ans its doctrine of elements, and the second, to the principle of economy of thought, which Husserl associates to a kind of psychologism in Prolegomena. Our leading hypotheses in this study is that Husserl's apparently contradictory oppinions about Mach's positivism can be understood in part by the double character ascribed to phenomenology in his last works: as philosophical program, phenomenology explicitly opposes positivism, and as method, phenomenology resembles Mach's descriptivism. We conclude with the idea that these two philosophers of Czech descent pursued the common aim of grasping the originary meaning of positivity.

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          Most cited references67

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          Handbuch der physiologischen Optik

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            Sensation and Perception in the History of Experimental Psychology

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              Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ss
                Scientiae Studia
                Sci. stud.
                Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Filosofia (São Paulo )
                2316-8994
                December 2009
                : 7
                : 4
                : 535-576
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Université du Québec Canada
                Article
                S1678-31662009000400002
                10.1590/S1678-31662009000400002
                193068a6-69b3-487e-8f67-3dc2530370c1

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1678-3166&lng=en
                Categories
                HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
                PHILOSOPHY

                General philosophy
                Phenomenology,Positivism,Phenomenism,Descriptivism,Husserl,Mach,Fenomenologia,Positivismo,Fenomenismo,Descritivismo

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