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      Descripción del Somatotipo e IMC en una Muestra de Adolescentes de Colegios Municipalizados de la Ciudad de Temuco - Chile Translated title: Description of Somatotype and BMI the Adolescent's Sample to Public School of the Temuco - Chile

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          Abstract

          La mal nutrición en el mundo se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, similar situación ocurre en Chile. Los estudios del índice de masa corporal (IMC), de la composición corporal, estado nutricional, de la población, son los parámetros recomendados por la OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud), para conocer el estado nutricional. Realizamos este estudio para describir la realidad nutricional de los adolescentes de los colegios municipalizados de la ciudad de Temuco. Evaluamos 993 adolescentes de ambos sexos, 543 hombres (54,7%) y 450 mujeres (45,3%), entre 6 y 14 años de edad, alumnos de diferentes colegios urbanos municipalizados. Para obtener el somatotipo utilizamos el método antropométrico descrito por Heath & Cárter, efectuándose la evaluación y clasificación del IMC de acuerdo a las normas de la OMS. Los hombres, fueron más mesomórficos que las mujeres, siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa. p<= 0,05. Al comparar los componentes Ectomorfía y Mesomorfía del somatotipo en relación al sexo presentaron valores estadísticamente significativos a favor de los varones, pero el valor de Endomorfía fue estadísticamente significativo a favor de las mujeres. El 19,4 % del total de la muestra eran obesos, y un 23,1% presentaron sobrepeso. En los hombres el 19,3% fueron obesos y un 23,9 % presentaron sobrepeso, en las mujeres el 22,0 % sobrepeso y un 19.6 % obesidad. Observamos un predominio del componente endomesomórfico en las mujeres y mesoendomórficos en los varones. Los probables factores son la modificación de estilo de vida, alimentación y efecto del sedentarismo que en la Novena Región alcanza un 96,4 % de la población.

          Translated abstract

          Bad nutrition has become a public health problem, similar situation had happened in Chile studies on body composition, nutritional state, and body mass index (BMI), are parameters recommended by the WHO for determining human beings' nutritional state. This study has been carried out to describe the adolescent nutritional situation of the urban public schools in Temuco - Chile. Nine thousands and ninety nine subjects were evaluated, 543 men (54.7%) and 450 women (46.3%), between 6 and 14 years oíd, all students at urban public schools. In order to obtain the Somatotype the anthropometric Heath & Cárter method was used, classifying BMI according to the WHO norms. Men were more endomorphic than women, this difference was statistically significant (p=0.005). To compare the ectomorphic and mesomorphic components of somatotopic in relation to sex, this valúes were statistic statistically significant to men, but the endomorphic valué was statistically significant was to women. Regarding to the total sample, 19.4% was obese and 23.1% was overweight. Then, according to men, 19.3% were obese and a 23.9% were overweight, and women had a 22.0% of overweight and a 19.6% were obese. It was observed a prevalence of the endomesomorphic componentin women and mesoendomorphic in men. Theseresults show an obesity prevalence of 19.4% and an overweight of 23.1% within the evaluated population getting closer to the national standards of the adult population, which corresponds to a 50% according to the a survey given by the Chilean Ministry of Health (MINSAL), the probable factors are the modification of lifestyle, foodand sedentary effect that in the Chilean ninth región reaches a 96.4% out of the population.

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          Body size in different periods of life and breast cancer risk in post-menopausal women.

          Adult obesity has been associated with an increased risk of post-menopausal breast cancer, but it is unclear whether this relationship reflects a causal role of obesity during childhood and adolescence, of weight gain during adult life or of adult obesity per se. In a population-based case-control study in all of Sweden, we included 3,345 (84% of all eligible) women aged 50-74 years with invasive breast cancer, and 3,454 (82% of all selected) controls of similar age. Mailed questionnaires and telephone interviews were used to collect detailed information on anthropometric measures. Odds ratios were estimated through multiple logistic regression. Women with the leanest somatotype at age 7 had about a 3-fold higher risk of breast cancer than the most obese (P for trend 0.0009). A suggested protective effect of a high body mass at age 18 and a detrimental influence of body mass 1 year prior to data collection largely reflected the effect of weight gain after age 18, a strong predictor of breast cancer risk. Among women at least 20 years post menopause, those who had gained 30 kg or more since age 18 had an odds ratio of 2.04 (95% confidence interval 1.20-3.48) of breast cancer compared with those who had maintained their weight unchanged. The effect of weight gain was unequivocal among non-users but not among users of hormone replacement therapy. Our findings have important implications, suggesting weight preservation as a means for prevention of post-menopausal breast cancer as well as a causal role of childhood body build in breast cancer etiology.
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            Obesidad en preescolares de la Región Metropolitana de Chile

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              Pubertal timing is an independent predictor of central adiposity in young adult males: the Gothenburg osteoporosis and obesity determinants study.

              The role of puberty and normal variations in pubertal timing for the development of obesity in men is unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of pubertal timing and prepubertal BMI (kg/m(2)) for young adult BMI and fat mass distribution. Detailed growth charts from birth to age 18-20 years were retrieved for the men participating in the population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants study. Age at peak height velocity (PHV) and BMI at age 10 years were estimated for 579 subjects, and PHV was used as an assessment of pubertal timing. The fat mass characterization and distribution were analyzed using dual X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral as well as abdominal computed tomography at age 18.9 +/- 0.5 years. We demonstrate that age at PHV is an independent negative predictor of young adult BMI and whole-body fat mass. Interestingly, age at PHV is an independent negative predictor of central, but not peripheral, fat mass. In contrast, BMI at 10 years of age predicts both central and peripheral subcutaneous fat mass. In conclusion, we demonstrate that early pubertal onset specifically predicts a central fat mass distribution, while a predominantly subcutaneous obese phenotype is strongly predicted by a high prepubertal BMI.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ijmorphol
                International Journal of Morphology
                Int. J. Morphol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía (Temuco, , Chile )
                0717-9502
                September 2008
                : 26
                : 3
                : 653-657
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Facultad de Educación y Humanidades orgdiv2Dpto. de Educación Física Chile
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas Chile
                Article
                S0717-95022008000300023 S0717-9502(08)02600323
                15986941-6333-417d-83ac-cd14edf1df4d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 June 2008
                : 08 August 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                índice de masa corporal,Antropometría,Somatotipo,Body mass index,Antropometry,Somatotipe

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