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      Attribute nonattendance in COVID‐19 vaccine choice: A discrete choice experiment based on Chinese public preference

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has not been well controlled, and vaccination could be an effective way to prevent this pandemic. By accommodating attribute nonattendance (ANA) in a discrete choice experiment (DCE), this paper aimed to examine Chinese public preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes, especially the influence of ANA on the estimated results.

          Methods

          A DCE was designed with four attributes: effectiveness, protection period, adverse reactions and price. A random parameter logit model with an error component (RPL‐EC) was used to analyse the heterogeneity of respondents' preferences for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes. Two equality constraint latent class (ECLC) models were used to consider the influence of ANA on the estimated results in which the ECLC‐homogeneity model considered only ANA and the ECLC‐heterogeneity model considered both ANA and preference heterogeneity.

          Results

          Data from 1,576 samples were included in the analyses. Effectiveness had the highest relative importance, followed by adverse reactions and protection period, which were determined by the attributes and levels presented in this study. The ECLC‐heterogeneity model improved the goodness of fit of the model and obtained a lower probability of ANA. In the ECLC‐heterogeneity model, only a small number of respondents (29.09%) considered all attributes, and price was the most easily ignored attribute (64.23%). Compared with the RPL‐EC model, the ECLC‐homogeneity model obtained lower WTPs for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes, and the ECLC‐heterogeneity model obtained mixed WTP results. In the ECLC‐heterogeneity model, preference group 1 obtained higher WTPs, and preference groups 2 and 3 obtained lower WTPs.

          Conclusions

          The RPL‐EC, ECLC‐homogeneity and ECLC‐heterogeneity models obtained inconsistent WTPs for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes. The study found that the results of the ECLC‐heterogeneity model considering both ANA and preference heterogeneity may be more plausible because ANA and low preference may be confused in the ECLC‐homogeneity model and the RPL‐EC model. The results showed that the probability of ANA was still high in the ECLC‐heterogeneity model, although it was lower than that in the ECLC‐homogeneity model. Therefore, in future research on DCE (such as the field of vaccines), ANA should be considered as an essential issue.

          Public Contribution

          Chinese adults from 31 provinces in mainland China participated in the study. All participants completed the COVID‐19 vaccine choice questions generated through the DCE design.

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          A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine

          Several coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are currently in human trials. In June 2020, we surveyed 13,426 people in 19 countries to determine potential acceptance rates and factors influencing acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Of these, 71.5% of participants reported that they would be very or somewhat likely to take a COVID-19 vaccine, and 61.4% reported that they would accept their employer’s recommendation to do so. Differences in acceptance rates ranged from almost 90% (in China) to less than 55% (in Russia). Respondents reporting higher levels of trust in information from government sources were more likely to accept a vaccine and take their employer’s advice to do so.
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            Vaccine hesitancy: an overview.

            Despite being recognized as one of the most successful public health measures, vaccination is perceived as unsafe and unnecessary by a growing number of individuals. Lack of confidence in vaccines is now considered a threat to the success of vaccination programs. Vaccine hesitancy is believed to be responsible for decreasing vaccine coverage and an increasing risk of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks and epidemics. This review provides an overview of the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy. First, we will characterize vaccine hesitancy and suggest the possible causes of the apparent increase in vaccine hesitancy in the developed world. Then we will look at determinants of individual decision-making about vaccination.
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              A New Approach to Consumer Theory

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Doctor, Professorxiaojian_hong@163.com
                Role: Master
                Role: Doctor, Lecturer
                Role: Doctor, Professor
                Journal
                Health Expect
                Health Expect
                10.1111/(ISSN)1369-7625
                HEX
                Health Expectations : An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1369-6513
                1369-7625
                20 January 2022
                June 2022
                : 25
                : 3 ( doiID: 10.1111/hex.v25.3 )
                : 959-970
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] School of Tourism and Geography Science Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
                [ 2 ] Business College Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
                [ 3 ] School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence Jianhong Xiao, Doctor, Professor, School of Tourism and Geography Science, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.

                Email: xiaojian_hong@ 123456163.com

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-4348
                Article
                HEX13439
                10.1111/hex.13439
                9122444
                35049117
                140f59c5-a867-4e29-a967-b8df3c451437
                © 2022 The Authors. Health Expectations published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 04 December 2021
                : 18 June 2021
                : 09 January 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 6, Pages: 12, Words: 7198
                Funding
                Funded by: National Social Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 17BGL247
                Funded by: Marine “Boutique Tourism” Innovative Team Project of Shandong Province
                Award ID: 057
                Categories
                Original Article
                Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                June 2022
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.1.6 mode:remove_FC converted:20.05.2022

                Health & Social care
                attribute nonattendance,chinese public,covid‐19 pandemic,discrete choice experiment,preference heterogeneity,vaccine,willingness to pay

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