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      Self-quenched ferrocenyl diketopyrrolopyrrole organic nanoparticles with amplifying photothermal effect for cancer therapy†

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          Abstract

          A NIR D–A–D structure of a ferrocene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative with a tetracyanobutadiene unit is synthesized for photoacoustic imaging-guided amplifying photothermal therapy.

          Abstract

          Organic nanoparticles (NPs) with near-infrared absorbance possess high photothermal conversion (PTC) efficiency and an excellent photoacoustic signal, presenting a great prospect for photoacoustic imaging (PAI)-guided photothermal therapy (PTT). Herein, a novel diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative (DPPCN-Fc) is synthesized for use as a PTT agent with PAI performance. Due to photo-induced electron transfer (PET), the two flanked ferrocene moieties significantly quench the radiative decay and intersystem crossing process, resulting in an enhanced nonradiative transition, and an amplifying photothermal effect is observed. Exposing the DPPCN-Fc NP aqueous dispersion (100 μg mL –1) to 730 nm (1.0 W cm –2) laser radiation results in a temperature elevation of 33.4 °C within 10 min and the PTC efficiency reaches up to 59.1%, which is higher than most reported photothermal therapeutic agents. Furthermore, under irradiation from 730 nm lasers, cancer cells could be completely killed in vivo due to the amplifying photothermal effects. Therefore, the as-prepared DPPCN-Fc NPs are a promising cancer theranostic agent for photoacoustic imaging-guided cancer photothermal therapy.

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          In vitro cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in mammalian germline stem cells.

          Laura K Braydich-Stolle, Saber M Hussain, John J Schlager … (2005)
          Gametogenesis is a complex biological process that is particularly sensitive to environmental insults such as chemicals. Many chemicals have a negative impact on the germline, either by directly affecting the germ cells, or indirectly through their action on the somatic nursing cells. Ultimately, these effects can inhibit fertility, and they may have negative consequences for the development of the offspring. Recently, nanomaterials such as nanotubes, nanowires, fullerene derivatives (buckyballs), and quantum dots have received enormous national attention in the creation of new types of analytical tools for biotechnology and the life sciences. Despite the wide application of nanomaterials, there is a serious lack of information concerning their impact on human health and the environment. Thus, there are limited studies available on toxicity of nanoparticles for risk assessment of nanomaterials. The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of a mouse spermatogonial stem cell line as a model to assess nanotoxicity in the male germline in vitro. The effects of different types of nanoparticles on these cells were evaluated by light microscopy, and by cell proliferation and standard cytotoxicity assays. Our results demonstrate a concentration-dependent toxicity for all types of particles tested, whereas the corresponding soluble salts had no significant effect. Silver nanoparticles were the most toxic while molybdenum trioxide (MoO(3)) nanoparticles were the least toxic. Our results suggest that this cell line provides a valuable model with which to assess the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in the germ line in vitro.
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            Core/shell structured hollow mesoporous nanocapsules: a potential platform for simultaneous cell imaging and anticancer drug delivery.

            Yu Chen, Jianlin Shi, S. Tian … (2010)
            A potential platform for simultaneous anticancer drug delivery and MRI cell imaging has been demonstrated by uniform hollow inorganic core/shell structured multifunctional mesoporous nanocapsules, which are composed of functional inorganic (Fe(3)O(4), Au, etc.) nanocrystals as cores, a thin mesoporous silica shell, and a huge cavity in between. The synthetic strategy for the creation of huge cavities between functional core and mesoporous silica shell is based on a structural difference based selective etching method, by which solid silica middle layer of Fe(2)O(3)@SiO(2)@mSiO(2) (or Au@SiO(2)@mSiO(2)) composite nanostructures was selectively etched away while the mesoporous silica shell could be kept relatively intact. The excellent biocompatibility of obtained multifunctional nanocapsules (Fe(3)O(4)@mSiO(2)) was demonstrated by very low cytotoxicity against various cell lines, low hemolyticity against human blood red cells and no significant coagulation effect against blood plasma. The cancer cell uptake and intracellular location of the nanocapsules were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and bio-TEM. Importantly, the prepared multifunctional inorganic mesoporous nanocapsules show both high loading capacity (20%) and efficiency (up to 100%) for doxorubicin simultaneously because of the formation of the cavity, enhanced surface area/pore volume and the electrostatic interaction between DOX molecules and mesoporous silica surface. Besides, the capability of Fe(3)O(4)@mSiO(2) nanocapsules as contrast agents of MRI was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, indicating the simultaneous imaging and therapeutic multifunctionalities of the composite nanocapsules. Moreover, the concept of multifunctional inorganic nanocapsules was extended to design and prepare Gd-Si-DTPA grafted Au@mSiO(2) nanocapsules for nanomedical applications, further demonstrating the generality of this strategy for the preparation of various multifunctional mesoporous nanocapsules.
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              Silica-coated gold nanorods as photoacoustic signal nanoamplifiers.

              Yun-Sheng Chen, Wolfgang Frey, Seungsoo Kim … (2011)
              Photoacoustic signal generation by metal nanoparticles relies on the efficient conversion of light to heat, its transfer to the environment, and the production of pressure transients. In this study we demonstrate that a dielectric shell has a strong influence on the amplitude of the generated photoacoustic signal and that silica-coated gold nanorods of the same optical density are capable of producing about 3-fold higher photoacoustic signals than nanorods without silica coating. Spectrophotometry measurements and finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis of gold nanorods before and after silica coating showed only an insignificant change of the extinction and absorption cross sections, hence indicating that the enhancement is not attributable to changes in absorption cross section resulting from the silica coating. Several factors including the silica thickness, the gold/silica interface, and the surrounding solvent were varied to investigate their effect on the photoacoustic signal produced from silica-coated gold nanorods. The results suggest that the enhancement is caused by the reduction of the gold interfacial thermal resistance with the solvent due to the silica coating. The strong contrast enhancement in photoacoustic imaging, demonstrated using phantoms with silica-coated nanorods, shows that these hybrid particles acting as "photoacoustic nanoamplifiers" are high efficiency contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging or photoacoustic image-guided therapy.
              Article 0 comments Cited 123 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Chem Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Chem Sci
                Title: Chemical Science
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
                ISSN (Print): 2041-6520
                ISSN (Electronic): 2041-6539
                Publication date (Print): 1 November 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 5 September 2017
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 11
                Pages: 7457-7463
                Affiliations
                [a ] Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) , Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China . Email: iamxcdong@ 123456njtech.edu.cn ; Email: iamwhuang@ 123456njtech.edu.cn
                [b ] School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , Nanjing , China . Email: zhangqi@ 123456njtech.edu.cn
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-8073
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-9059
                Article
                Publisher ID: c7sc03351f
                DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03351f
                PMC ID: 5674203
                PubMed ID: 29163898
                SO-VID: 09e0f92b-1ba0-4f51-b7ff-8215e374cbae
                Copyright © This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 1 August 2017
                Date accepted : 4 September 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Chemistry

                Notes

                †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental methods and additional figures. See DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03351f


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