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      Impact of personality on cadet academic and military performance within mediating role of self-efficacy

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          Abstract

          Background

          The current operational military environment is changing, complex, unpredictable, and ambiguous. Due to such situations, soldiers are constantly forced to think about their values, norms, and roles that should be part of their profession. Consequently, they must first be educated and trained on how to behave in a particular operational military environment. Pursuing an officer’s education at military academies is very difficult not only physically but also psychologically. Cadets are required to be prepared to lead in extreme environments upon graduation. Despite the fact that military tasks are technically complex, the individual operational activities of soldiers are gaining more and more strategic meaning. Therefore, the importance of selecting the process and military education programs of soldiers is increasingly stressed. Cognitive abilities and skills individually predict performance in academic and professional settings, but it is less clear how personality can influence performance. Therefore, this study focused on the explanation of the individual factors that affect the achievements of the cadets. Specifically, the objective of this study was to examine direct and mediated relationships between personality traits and the military and academic performance of cadets.

          Methods

          This study followed a quantitative method analysis. The research models were assessed using the structural equation modeling technique. Bootstrap was applied to evaluate a 95% level confidence interval on estimates with 5,000 bootstrap samples, and to evaluate direct and indirect effects. The analysis was based on a sample of 120 cadets from the Lithuanian Military Academy. The effects on military and academic performance were evaluated using the Self-Efficacy scale, the Big Five personality trait scale, academic performance was evaluated through academic grades and military performance was evaluated using instructor ratings.

          Results

          To support our hypotheses, it was found that self-efficacy has a mediating effect on the performance of cadets. Additionally, the traits of conscientiousness, openness to experience and extraversion were related to both military and academic performance. Furthermore, self-efficacy appeared as a partial mediator of the relationship between personality traits and cadet performance.

          Conclusion

          The findings of this study help clarify the relationship between the personality traits of the cadets and the military and academic performance. In addition, these results may be useful for the further development of military education and training, for the development of testing, and selection of military personnel.

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          Most cited references87

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          Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives

          Li‐tze Hu, Peter M. Bentler (1999)
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            Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error

            Claes Fornell, David Larcker (1981)
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              Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective.

              Albert Bandura (2001)
              The capacity to exercise control over the nature and quality of one's life is the essence of humanness. Human agency is characterized by a number of core features that operate through phenomenal and functional consciousness. These include the temporal extension of agency through intentionality and forethought, self-regulation by self-reactive influence, and self-reflectiveness about one's capabilities, quality of functioning, and the meaning and purpose of one's life pursuits. Personal agency operates within a broad network of sociostructural influences. In these agentic transactions, people are producers as well as products of social systems. Social cognitive theory distinguishes among three modes of agency: direct personal agency, proxy agency that relies on others to act on one's behest to secure desired outcomes, and collective agency exercised through socially coordinative and interdependent effort. Growing transnational embeddedness and interdependence are placing a premium on collective efficacy to exercise control over personal destinies and national life.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1327 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Svajone Bekesiene: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2067096/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Psychol.
                Title: Frontiers in Psychology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-1078
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 October 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 14
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1266236
                Affiliations
                General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania , Vilnius, Lithuania
                Author notes

                Edited by: Cristina Torrelles-Nadal, University of Lleida, Spain

                Reviewed by: David Aguado, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Ida Ketut Kusumawijaya, Triatma Mulya University, Indonesia

                *Correspondence: Svajone Bekesiene, svajone.bekesiene@ 123456lka.lt
                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1266236
                PMC ID: 10613648
                PubMed ID: 37908826
                SO-VID: 01525f23-6618-4e9d-a4c1-9ed0073b55f9
                Copyright © Copyright © 2023 Bekesiene.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 24 July 2023
                Date accepted : 29 September 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 91, Pages: 13, Words: 11494
                Funding
                The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the Lithuania Ministry of National Defense as part of the study project Study Support Projects No VI-18, 2 December 2021 (2021–2024), General Jonas Žemaitis, Military Academy of Lithuania, Vilnius, Lithuania. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the funding agency.
                Categories
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Original Research
                Custom metadata
                section-at-acceptance Positive Psychology

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: personality traits,self-efficacy,academic performance,military performance,cadets,mediation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: personality traits, self-efficacy, academic performance, military performance, cadets, mediation

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